WAYS TO INCREASE THE RELIABILITY OF HIGH-CAPACITY BAT-TERY BATTERIES

Abstract

This article presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of modern scientific and technological approaches aimed at ensuring the reliability, safety, and long-term operational stability of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Within the scope of the study, the main degradation mechanisms occurring during battery operation are thoroughly investigated, with particular emphasis on physicochemical processes taking place at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The poten-tial for controlling interfacial processes by enhancing the chemical and mechanical stability of protective layers (SEI and CEI) formed on the anode and cathode sur-faces is analyzed. Special attention is paid to optimizing the nanostructured architecture of electrode materials in order to improve ion and electron transport, reduce internal mechanical stresses, and limit deformation arising during cyclic charge–discharge processes. The effectiveness of functional additives that suppress electro-lyte decomposition reactions and enhance stability under high-voltage conditions and sharp temperature fluctuations is evaluated. The article also examines in detail the impact of materials designed for efficient thermal management, active monitoring and diagnostic systems, as well as structural solutions aimed at minimizing heat losses, on battery safety and operational stability. The potential for reducing internal resistance, increasing power and energy density, and improving overall energy efficiency through the use of advanced highly conductive layers and innovative functional materials is scientifically substantiated. The integration of these technologi-cal and materials-science approaches enables a significant improvement in the cyclic stability of lithium-ion batteries, slows down chemical and thermal degradation processes, strengthens safety criteria, and substantially extends battery service life. This study provides a systematic analysis of the key factors affecting battery reliability and proposes effective scientific and technological solutions to mitigate their adverse effects. The main objective of the research is to identify the most prom-ising technological approaches and scientific solutions for achieving stable, safe, and long-term operation of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries under real operating conditions.