Keywords
carbothermic reduction
zinc oxide
iron oxides
kinetics
metallization degree
activation energy
gas-solid reaction
secondary raw materials
X-ray diffraction
scanning electron microscopy
How to Cite
Abstract
The present paper sets out the findings of a scientific investigation into the kinetics and key influencing factors of the carbothermic reduction process of steelmaking dust. Electric arc furnace dust has been found to contain significant quantities of iron and zinc oxides, which represent valuable secondary raw materials, but which also pose serious environmental risks. The present study focuses on the effects of temperature and content, particle size, gas atmosphere, and reduction time on the reduction kinetics. Carbothermic reduction experiments were conducted within the temperature range of 700–1150°C, with coke serving as the reducing agent. The degree of reduction and metallization was determined through gravimetric and phase analysis. Phase composition and microstructural changes were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The experimental data were analysed using the shrinking core model to identify the rate-controlling steps of the process. The findings suggest that zinc oxide undergoes reduction more rapidly than iron oxides, a phenomenon attributable to its diminished thermodynamic stability and volatilization behaviour. The activation energies and kinetic parameters were calculated based on the Arrhenius equation. The findings provide a scientific basis for the optimisation of carbothermic reduction processes and the improvement of the efficiency of steelmaking dust recycling under industrially relevant conditions.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ilхamov, M.A., Munosibov, Sh.M., Matkarimov, S.T., Karimjonov, B.R. (Muallif)